Accepted article
Nanohertz Gravitational-Wave Constraints on Supermassive Binary Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn
Physical Review Letters (2026)
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This work introduces a redshift-aware pulsar-timing-array framework and applies it to PPTA DR3 to place direct constraints on supermassive binary black holes at cosmic dawn. Targeted searches toward J0100+2802 and JADES-GS-z14-0 exclude extremely massive binaries across the nanohertz band and demonstrate how PTAs can probe early-Universe black-hole assembly.